Adaptive (closed-loop) DBS Deep-brain stimulation
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Adequate spatial optimisation of conventional DBS — correct contact selection and directional field steering — is a prerequisite for effective adaptive DBS; poor spatial setup limits adaptive benefit regardless of algorithm quality.
The article's central thesis is that spatial optimisation must precede temporal optimisation. Consistent with this, early clinical data show that a substantial proportion of existing DBS patients cannot immediately switch to adaptive mode due to incompatible spatial settings or an absent beta signal, underscoring the dependency of aDBS performance on the spatial foundation.