Aerobic training
High- and moderate-intensity cardio (running, brisk walking, cycling, treadmill, swimming) studied for neuroprotection, motor scores and cardiovascular fitness.
State of the art
No update yet for Aerobic training. An update is a standalone state-of-the-art for the topic — what someone with Parkinson's needs to know about where this approach stands today.
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Exercise and smoking: health rivals revealing shared protective mechanisms in Parkinson’s?
This perspective reviews the biological mechanisms behind exercise's epidemiologically observed association with reduced PD risk, arguing that exercise activates neuroprotective pathways — including anti-neuroinflammatory effects, autophagy induction, and dopamine-system support — that overlap with components of tobacco smoke, opening a new framework for understanding how exercise may modify PD course.